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religious war
A religious war or holy war ((ラテン語:bellum sacrum)) is a war primarily caused or justified by differences in religion. The account of the conquest of Canaan by the Israelites in the Book of Joshua, the Muslim conquests of the 7th and 8th centuries, and the Christian Crusades (11th to 13th centuries) and Wars of Religion (16th and 17th centuries) are the classic examples but a religious aspect has been part of warfare as early as the battles of the Mesopotamian city-states.
In the modern era, arguments are common over the extent to which religious, economic, or ethnic aspects of a conflict predominate: examples include the Yugoslav Wars and the civil war in Sudan. In several ongoing conflicts including the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the Syrian civil war, and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, religious arguments are overtly present but variously described as fundamentalism or religious extremism depending upon the observer's sympathies. At the same time, members of many religions have been and are active members of the modern anti-war movement
==Criteria for classification==
The European war against Muslim expansion was recognized as a "religious war" or ''bellum sacrum'' from the beginning. The early modern wars against the Ottoman Empire were seen as a seamless continuation of this conflict by contemporaries.〔E.g. ''Bellum sacrum Ecclesiae militantis contra Turcum'' by Léonard de Vaux (1685).〕
The term "religious war" was used to describe, controversially at the time, what are now known as the European wars of religion, and especially the then-ongoing Seven Years' War, from at least the mid 18th century.〔
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